Baby praying mantis - The sac is about 1 inch (3 cm.) long, rectangular with rounded edges and tan to white. The eggs are surrounded by a frothy foam which hardens into the casing. The foam is called ootheca. If you do find one and want to watch the sac hatch, place it in a glass or plastic jar with some air holes.

 
In the spring, the eggs will hatch, releasing hundreds of tiny praying mantises into the wild. These babies will quickly grow into adults and the cycle repeats again. Adult praying mantis can range in size from as small as half an inch all the way up to 8 inches long, depending on the species.. Covington vs edwards

Learn the basics of keeping a baby praying mantis as a pet, including cage, substrate, food, water, and handling. This instructable covers the different species, size, and …Also called: Praying mantis during a rain shower. mantid, (family Mantidae), any of approximately 2,000 species of large, slow-moving insects that are characterized by front legs with enlarged femurs (upper portion) that have a groove lined with spines into which the tibia (lower portion) presses. Using their spined front legs, mantids, which ... The praying mantis is an insect found all over the world. The most eye-catching feature of the praying mantis are its front legs that make the insect look like it is praying. The i...Should parents use baby sign language? Baby sign language—a specialized sign language used to communicate wit Should parents use baby sign language? Baby sign language—a specialize...Baby Praying Mantis - 2. My mum found this cute little guy on our bin outside. Yes, cute, despite the fact he kept trying to attack the camera every time we ...1 day ago · Baby Praying Mantis just hatched 2/22/24. Comes in mason jar habitat. Feeding them wingless fruit flies which you will have to buy from a local petstore. Very adorable. $10 rehoming fee. Email only, no texts, discounts if you purchase more than one. Thanks. post id: 7721028178. The answer is not a simple one though. There are actually 2000 species of praying mantis and they live around the world. The color of these insects varies from brown to green and has adapted over time to allow them to blend into their habitat. The color of the praying mantis is designed to provide camouflage.Chances are you were told in school that you could get pregnant any time you have sex so don’t have sex. But that’s mostly a lie to get you to keep it in your pants—it’s actually n...Both are large, long, slender and slow. The larger, Chinese mantis may have a body length (without front legs) of 3 to 4.25 inches. The Carolina mantis is 1.75 to 2.5 inches in length. The body is tannish-brown or green with the narrow front wings marked with a green line along the front edge. Life cycle of praying mantids . Praying mantis egg ... The first step in caring for a praying mantis egg case is selecting a container that will act an an incubator. This serves two main purposes. Firstly, it helps to retain warmth, allowing the egg case to develop properly. Secondly, and just as importantly, it prevents the baby mantis from escaping around your home when the suddenly start hatching. A baby praying mantis habitat is typically a small, humid enclosure with plenty of places to climb and hide. The enclosure should be big enough for the mantis to comfortably move around, but not so big that it becomes difficult to keep the humidity level high. A small water dish should be included for the mantis to drink from, and the …Caring for a baby praying mantis can be an enjoyable and rewarding experience. It is important to understand the needs of your baby mantis in order to …Also called: Praying mantis during a rain shower. mantid, (family Mantidae), any of approximately 2,000 species of large, slow-moving insects that are characterized by front legs with enlarged femurs (upper portion) that have a groove lined with spines into which the tibia (lower portion) presses. Using their spined front legs, mantids, which ...The giant Asian Mantis, Hierodula membranacea, is one of the largest mantis species and makes a fantastic beginner species.It can be found in tropical places across Asia, hence the name, and has even become invasive in certain warm places. It is easy to handle and hardy compared to most other mantises, not caring too much about …Baby praying likely consume small insects much less aphids. Once they grow old, they will rely on larger prey such as beetles or even grasshoppers. However, baby mantis do not need a lot to make up their appetite they may eat only once or twice a day. The diet of a grownup mantis includes tiny crickets, small bugs, gnats, fruit flies, and aphids. 1. Carolina Mantis. A type of Praying Mantis (Stagmomantis carolina) that comes in different colors, Carolina Mantis is found both in North and South America. The species …Each Mantis Egg Case has approx 50 to 200 baby live praying mantis ; This product comes with a unique hatching habitat ; We Guarantee the …We look at a baby Praying Mantis under the microscope. This praying mantis nymph is the equivalent of a child when compared to humans. Even though it is youn...Praying Mantis Food for Hatchlings. Baby praying mantis are tiny when they hatch; often only a centimetre or so in overall length. They therefore require tiny insect prey to start them off, with bigger insects being accepted as they begin to grow. For hatchling praying mantis two foods are likely to be the most effective: Pinhead Crickets Carnivore. Average Life Span In The Wild: 1 years. Size: 0.4 to 18 inches long. There are about 1,800 species of praying mantids around the world. People often refer to any mantid as a praying mantis, but mantises are part of a smaller group within the mantids. Praying mantids are carnivores, eating mainly insects and other small animals.The praying mantis is simple to care for but requires special attention to survive and develop. Feeding, enclosure, and monitoring are all part of a Praying Mutan’s care. In this article, we’ll go over everything you need to know about raising a praying mantis baby. Praying mantis egg sacs can be found in the landscape.Mantis babies molt about 6 or more times before they’re fully grown, and there are about two weeks between molts. Females probably have more molts because they’re bigger. The lifespan of a praying mantis is about nine months to a year, especially in a warm climate. Their lifespan is longer in captivity.Why do so many people close their eyes to pray? Explore the history behind this prayer ritual. Advertisement In 1952, the U.S. Congress and President Harry Truman established a Nat...Jan 5, 2022 · Place the ootheca on the inside of the lid or mesh, depending on what you use. The ootheca has to be placed just like the mother mantis has placed it. You can use double-sided tape to place the ootheca but make sure that so tape is uncovered. Otherwise hatching praying mantis might get stuck on the tape and die. Comes with. Live Praying Mantis Egg Case (contains 75 to 200 baby mantises!) Hatching Plant Egg Case Holder. Set of Praying Mantis Life Cycle Figurines. Special, escape-proof Praying Mantis Habitat. Praying Mantis Egg Case Quick Guide. READ ME with helpful tips. Due to the many variables involved in raising a praying mantis, Insect Lore does ...Praying mantises are generalists when it comes to food. If they are hungry or if the opportunity presents itself, they will eat practically anything that moves. Their diet includes all manners of flies, worms, eggs, larvae, bees, wasps, moths, butterflies, ladybugs, grasshoppers, crickets and locusts, and even small turtles, spiders, snakes and ...A baby praying mantis habitat is typically a small, humid enclosure with plenty of places to climb and hide. The enclosure should be big enough for the mantis to comfortably move around, but not so big that it becomes difficult to keep the humidity level high. A small water dish should be included for the mantis to drink from, and the …Toddlers often rely on rituals — but when rituals are upsetting instead of comforting, it could signal childhood OCD. Young children often rely on rituals — but when those rituals ...One possible alternative to feeding your bearded dragon a grown praying mantis is feeding it a young praying mantis instead. This will bypass any complications that could be caused by the praying mantis’s size. However, feeding your bearded dragon a baby praying mantis will still not solve the problem of potential secondhand toxicity.Also called: Praying mantis during a rain shower. mantid, (family Mantidae), any of approximately 2,000 species of large, slow-moving insects that are characterized by front legs with enlarged femurs (upper portion) that have a groove lined with spines into which the tibia (lower portion) presses. Using their spined front legs, mantids, which ... You probably know that children are expensive, but how much does it cost to have a baby? In this guide we break down the average cost of having a baby. Calculators Helpful Guides C...Mantis. Mantises are an order ( Mantodea) of insects that contains over 2,400 species in about 460 genera in 33 families. The largest family is the Mantidae ("mantids"). Mantises are distributed worldwide in temperate and tropical habitats. They have triangular heads with bulging eyes supported on flexible necks.The praying mantis life cycle can be divided into three life stages; egg, nymph, and adult. Eggs are laid in the fall in an egg case called the ootheca. The ootheca may contain up to 200 praying ...Quick Facts About Praying Mantises. Long, slender insects, usually in shades of green, brown, or gray. They have large eyes and triangular heads which can turn and swivel. Their modified forelegs are large and covered in spikes to assist them with hunting; they capture and hold insects with these front legs.Oct 4, 2020 · A baby praying mantis will eat mostly small insects, such as fruit flies or aphids. You should feed them live insects and avoid giving them water or meat. The web page explains why they do not need water and why they eat each other in captivity. Praying Mantis Keeping 101 - A Beginners Guide Pet Praying Mantis! From housing, to feeding, to molting, we cover everything a beginner needs to know to properly care for a praying...Baby Praying Mantises. We meet with Andrine Shufran, Extension Specialist and Director of Insect Adventure, to learn how praying mantises are born. Hundreds of praying …sold out. Orchid Mantis (Hymenopus coronatus) $85.00. Ghost Mantis (Phyllocrania paradoxa) from $26.00. sold out. Spiny Flower Mantis (Pseudocreobotra wahlbergi) from $30.00. Buy Your Praying Mantis Here.Step 4: Feeding and Water. Feeding is a little more difficult with baby mantis then with adults. this is because baby's need to eat smaller foods. fruit flys are the best but they can get out of the cage sometimes. I use little pinhead crickets, 1 or 2 will fill the mantis up for a few days. you do not half to do much for water because mantis's ... Nov 13, 2018 · From housing, to feeding, to molting, we cover everything a beginner needs to know to properly care for a praying mantis! Link to springtails for sale: https... The praying mantis is an easy insect to recognize. They have a long narrow body that is stretched in the middle where the legs attach. They have a small triangular head with two large compound eyes. But most of all, they have those impressive, oversized front legs held upright in front of the face. Female Carolina Mantid.here are hundreds of different mantis species distributed all across the globe. Each of these species has its own life cycle and lifespan. The smaller praying mantis lives around one or two months while the bigger individuals can live as long as four to six months, still a few may survive up to 360 days. The one-year-lifespan in mantises is ...A praying mantis is a predatory insect that can be found in tropical, subtropical and temperate climates around the world. There are approximately 2,400 species of praying mantids. The name “praying mantis” refers to the prayer-like position of its front legs. Mantids are relatively large insects; some species can grow up to 6 inches …4. Download Baby Praying Mantis stock photos. Free or royalty-free photos and images. Use them in commercial designs under lifetime, perpetual & worldwide rights. Dreamstime is the world`s largest stock photography community.The praying mantis has been revered in countless religions and mythologies for centuries. The Greek word mantis means “prophet” or “seer,” which fits with the Greeks’ view that the praying mantis has spiritual abilities. In Ancient Greece and Egypt, the praying mantis was revered as a guardian of the afterlife and a beacon to the lost.We look at a baby Praying Mantis under the microscope. This praying mantis nymph is the equivalent of a child when compared to humans. Even though it is youn...Praying Mantis Food for Hatchlings. Baby praying mantis are tiny when they hatch; often only a centimetre or so in overall length. They therefore require tiny insect prey to start them off, with bigger insects being accepted as they begin to grow. For hatchling praying mantis two foods are likely to be the most effective: Pinhead Crickets People often say that the youngest, “the baby,” gets spoiled. Well, I get it now. I know how the baby gets spoiled. You can’t put him down because his...Step 4: Feeding and Water. Feeding is a little more difficult with baby mantis then with adults. this is because baby's need to eat smaller foods. fruit flys are the best but they can get out of the cage sometimes. I use little pinhead crickets, 1 or 2 will fill the mantis up for a few days. you do not half to do much for water because mantis's ... Praying mantises go through three main stages in their lifetime: egg, nymph, and adult. Baby mantises, or nymphs, hatch from eggs and look like miniature versions of their adult counterparts. They go through several molts, or shed their skin, as they grow. Praying mantises are relatively easy to care for, but there are a few things to …Hatch and raise your own baby Praying Mantises! Everything you need to raise Praying Mantises is included.Baby praying mantises, also known as nymphs, have a similar diet to adult praying mantises and feed on a variety of insects and other arthropods. As they grow and develop, they will be able to consume larger prey items. In the early stages of life, baby praying mantises may feed on smaller insects, such as:We look at a baby Praying Mantis under the microscope. This praying mantis nymph is the equivalent of a child when compared to humans. Even though it is youn...One possible alternative to feeding your bearded dragon a grown praying mantis is feeding it a young praying mantis instead. This will bypass any complications that could be caused by the praying mantis’s size. However, feeding your bearded dragon a baby praying mantis will still not solve the problem of potential secondhand toxicity.What Does a Baby Praying Mantis Eat? Baby praying mantises have a specific dietary requirement to support their growth and development. They primarily eat small insects that are appropriate for their size and ability. As they mature, they will start eating larger prey. Here are some of the most common foods that baby praying …Carnivore. Average Life Span In The Wild: 1 years. Size: 0.4 to 18 inches long. There are about 1,800 species of praying mantids around the world. People often refer to any mantid as a praying mantis, but mantises are part of a smaller group within the mantids. Praying mantids are carnivores, eating mainly insects and other small animals. Baby Praying Mantises. We meet with Andrine Shufran, Extension Specialist and Director of Insect Adventure, to learn how praying mantises are born. Hundreds of praying …Step 4: Raising Praying Mantises. Misting - Mantises need water and humidity to survive. Generally, you should mist the habitat once a day or every other day. An easy test to know whether the habitat is too dry is if the water drops on the wall of the cage are gone in less than half an hour. Location Your mantis enclosure should be placed in an environment free from drafts and extremes in temperatures. Bright and indirect light is best, so avoid keeping …Baby Praying Mantis. Praying mantises are a species of predatory insects that are known for their remarkable ability to turn their heads and stalk their prey. They are also characterized by their long, slender bodies and long, spiny legs. Baby praying mantises, or nymphs, are born in large numbers from eggs laid by their mothers.A baby praying mantis basically eats smaller versions of what it would as an adult. Flies shrink down to (often flightless) fruit flies, aphids become a staple, and baby crickets are a popular source of sustenance. If you’re looking for food for your baby mantis pet, make sure you find a pet store or breeder who can provide what you need on ... Praying mantises come in a variety of sizes, with the smallest species measuring just half an inch in length and the largest measuring up to 6 inches long. Overall, their size depends on their species and geographic location. One of the largest species of praying mantis is the Chinese mantis, which can reach up to 5 inches in length.Mantis. Mantises are an order ( Mantodea) of insects that contains over 2,400 species in about 460 genera in 33 families. The largest family is the Mantidae ("mantids"). Mantises are distributed worldwide in temperate and tropical habitats. They have triangular heads with bulging eyes supported on flexible necks.May 25, 2022 · Relating to No. 1, praying mantises ask us to tap into stillness, as well as slow down. "Do not rush your next actions or speak of your visions too soon," Charles explains. The praying mantis is related to patience and further, waiting for the exact time to step forward or speak. "The praying mantis shows up when it's time to take your ... Dec 9, 2022 · A baby praying mantis lives for about six to eight weeks. Mantikos, which means “scaresayer” or “Prophet” in Greek, is the origin of the praying mantis’ name. This name was given to them due to the unique way their forelegs are clasped together at the base of the foregut. The Praying Mantis Shop is your One Stop Resource for Everything Mantid, including information, resources, and shopping for living mantises. We offer live food, enclosures, educational books, puzzles and toys, t-shirts, mantis themed home décor and gifts as well as living juveniles and egg cases (ootheca) and more.Carnivore. Average Life Span In The Wild: 1 years. Size: 0.4 to 18 inches long. There are about 1,800 species of praying mantids around the world. People often refer to any …Bringing home a new baby is exciting, but it can also be intimidating. Learn how to care for your new baby at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Bringing home a new baby is exciting, but...Praying mantises typically mate within a couple of weeks after reaching adulthood. When a female is ready to mate, she releases chemicals called pheromones which males use to find her. Mating can be a risky business for males, as we’ll discuss in greater detail below. Because of the risks involved, the male often approaches the …What Does a Baby Praying Mantis Eat? Baby praying mantises have a specific dietary requirement to support their growth and development. They primarily eat small insects that are appropriate for their size and ability. As they mature, they will start eating larger prey. Here are some of the most common foods that baby praying …Jun 15, 2021 · The sac is about 1 inch (3 cm.) long, rectangular with rounded edges and tan to white. The eggs are surrounded by a frothy foam which hardens into the casing. The foam is called ootheca. If you do find one and want to watch the sac hatch, place it in a glass or plastic jar with some air holes. Also called: Praying mantis during a rain shower. mantid, (family Mantidae), any of approximately 2,000 species of large, slow-moving insects that are characterized by front legs with enlarged femurs (upper portion) that have a groove lined with spines into which the tibia (lower portion) presses. Using their spined front legs, mantids, which ... Baby praying mantises eat prey that is similar to those eaten by adult praying mantises, including insects and other invertebrates. However, because the hatchlings are much smaller...A praying mantis egg case typically hatches within a few weeks of hatching. If you want your egg to hatch sooner, keep it in a refrigerator in a non-airtight container for 1-2 months before removing it. Each Praying Mantis Egg Case from Josh’s Frogs comes with 50-200 baby Chinese praying mantids (Tenodera sinensis), which are just waiting to ...1. Carolina Mantis. A type of Praying Mantis (Stagmomantis carolina) that comes in different colors, Carolina Mantis is found both in North and South America. The species …Baby praying likely consume small insects much less aphids. Once they grow old, they will rely on larger prey such as beetles or even grasshoppers. However, baby mantis do not need a lot to make up their appetite they may eat only once or twice a day. The diet of a grownup mantis includes tiny crickets, small bugs, gnats, fruit flies, and aphids.New Zealand Praying Mantis (Orthodera novaezealandiae) and South African Praying Mantis (Miomantis caffra) The oldest known fossil remains of a mantis so far found is 87 million years old. This is the Cretaceous period before the extinction of the dinosaurs. There are currently over 2,400 species known worldwide. Only two are found in New Zealand.Learn the basics of keeping a baby praying mantis as a pet, including cage, substrate, food, water, and handling. This instructable covers the different species, size, and …The word “ mantis ” means a prophet or a seer, thus symbolizing the animal as a spiritual creature. A praying mantis is an interesting creature with its praying-like posture. Its front legs are held together as if it’s praying. Seeing a praying mantis at your door signifies peace, patience, stillness, and mindfulness.The praying mantis habitat range is widely distributed throughout the tropical, sub-tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Many species are found in the Americas, South Africa, Europe, the South Asia and some parts of Australia. The habitat influences the color of the mantis. This is very useful in camouflaging themselves from the ...A praying mantis egg case is called an ootheca (pronouned oh-uh–THEE-kuh). The plural is oothecae (oh-uh-THEE-see). The ootheca was produced by a female praying mantis last fall. She laid her eggs in this foam of protein that hardened around a stick and protected the eggs through the winter. The eggs usually hatch in mid-June to …As a whole, a praying mantis only eats live insects, reptiles, and in some cases even birds that are small enough. It always depends on the size of the mantis. Prey for baby mantis could be fruit flies or springtails. Bigger mantis can eat crickets, small cockroaches, worms, spiders, or caterpillars.Praying mantises are fascinating creatures, and their life cycle begins with the hatching of their eggs. The of praying mantis egg hatching starts with the breaking of the egg case. The female praying mantis carefully attaches her egg case, also known as an ootheca, to a secure surface. The ootheca is made up of a frothy substance that …Also called: Praying mantis during a rain shower. mantid, (family Mantidae), any of approximately 2,000 species of large, slow-moving insects that are characterized by front legs with enlarged femurs (upper portion) that have a groove lined with spines into which the tibia (lower portion) presses. Using their spined front legs, mantids, which ...Newborn praying mantises, also called nymphs, have a similar diet to adults, but their size and hunting skills are limited. As they grow and develop, they can tackle …Baby praying likely consume small insects much less aphids. Once they grow old, they will rely on larger prey such as beetles or even grasshoppers. However, baby mantis do not need a lot to make up their appetite they may eat only once or twice a day. The diet of a grownup mantis includes tiny crickets, small bugs, gnats, fruit flies, and aphids.Oct 4, 2020 · A baby praying mantis will eat mostly small insects, such as fruit flies or aphids. You should feed them live insects and avoid giving them water or meat. The web page explains why they do not need water and why they eat each other in captivity. An orchid mantis perches atop flower petals. Adegsm / Getty Images. Praying mantises are supremely gifted in camouflage. They come in the form of leaves and sticks and branches, like many insects ...In the spring, the eggs will hatch, releasing hundreds of tiny praying mantises into the wild. These babies will quickly grow into adults and the cycle repeats again. Adult praying mantis can range in size from as small as half an inch all the way up to 8 inches long, depending on the species.Praying Mantis can grow to well over 6 inches, and go through some very distinct changes as they grow from infancy to adulthood. The three changes which the mantis goes through as it changes from a baby to an adult are egg, nymph, and adult. Once the egg hatches, a baby, or immature praying mantis is revealed.There are tried and true methods for winning a baby's love.

. Free book downloads

baby praying mantis

Feb 16, 2022 · 377 17K views 1 year ago Raising a praying mantis is really fun! A lot of nymphs will hatch from the mantis egg. It's probably best just to keep one or two the rest can go in your yard! I... Carnivore. Average Life Span In The Wild: 1 years. Size: 0.4 to 18 inches long. There are about 1,800 species of praying mantids around the world. People often refer to any …When praying mantis reproduce, they leave up to 400 eggs in the wild to hatch. Before the warm temperatures trigger the birth of many praying mantis, a lot of insects prey upon these eggs. Anyone, from ants to wasps, is looking for praying mantis eggs to feast on. But once they hatch, baby praying mantis is ready to start hunting.P paradoxa Ghost mantis All colors SALE from $24.50. Hymenopus coronatus - Orchid Flower mantis "Kung Fu Mantis" from $75.00. Pseudocreobotra wahlbergii Spiny Flower mantis from $35.00. Sphodromantis lineola Giant African Mantis from $27.00. Carolina Mantis Ooths, Stagmomantis carolina from $27.00. Pseudocreobotra ocellata spiny flower praying ... Super funny! Baby monkey Su's reaction when first time meeting a mantis.Welcome to KUKU Monkey channel!Channel sharing about the daily life of KUKU monkey!Ho...Jan 29, 2020 · The word mantis comes from the Greek mantikos, for soothsayer or prophet. Indeed, these insects do seem spiritual, especially when their forelegs are clasped together as if they're in prayer. Learn more about these mysterious insects with these 10 fascinating facts about praying mantids. 1. Most Praying Mantids Live in the Tropics. A baby is usually a one- or two-pound baby (that is, a baby). We recommend ECO-earth (made of coconut fiber) as the best option. For substrate, place 1 cup of eco-earth on the bottom of the cage. Adult mantises have a tougher time controlling their feeding and watering habits than baby mantises.Nov 2, 2015 ... It's a baby praying mantis. praying_mantis_baby_mag. Baby insects that look like their parents are called nymphs. The main difference is that ...Nov 9, 2022 · Baby Praying Mantis Habitat . When it comes to finding the perfect habitat for your baby praying mantis, there are a few things you need to take into consideration. First and foremost, you need to make sure that the temperature is warm enough for them to thrive. Baby mantises typically like temperatures between 80-85 degrees Fahrenheit. Chances are you were told in school that you could get pregnant any time you have sex so don’t have sex. But that’s mostly a lie to get you to keep it in your pants—it’s actually n...To tell if a praying mantis has a parasite, you need to keenly observe the mantis’ features, size and behavior. Often, the mantises that have been infested by parasites lose some features – for instance, they become wingless. Further, the mantises with parasites may have stunted growth: often attaining just half their expectable sizes.Nov 29, 2020 ... My egg finally hatched after what seemed like weeks of waiting, and to much disappointment. Three, very meek baby praying mantis' hatched, and ...Food provides nutrients a young child needs to be healthy. You are the most important influence on your child when it comes to diet. Learn more. Food provides the energy and nutrie...As far as the baby goes, the mantis is an easy thing to care for, maybe will take 1/2 hr a week of your time between feeding and cleaning. The cost to keep one is extremely minimal also, the fruit flys usually cost 5-10$ and they breed, so they usually last a month or two which will probably be a similar life span to the insect, though again ... Also called: Praying mantis during a rain shower. mantid, (family Mantidae), any of approximately 2,000 species of large, slow-moving insects that are characterized by front legs with enlarged femurs (upper portion) that have a groove lined with spines into which the tibia (lower portion) presses. Using their spined front legs, mantids, which ...Chances are you were told in school that you could get pregnant any time you have sex so don’t have sex. But that’s mostly a lie to get you to keep it in your pants—it’s actually n...Do you know how to make a baby blanket? Find out how to make a baby blanket in this article from HowStuffWorks. Advertisement There are many ways to make a baby blanket. You can kn...Sep 10, 2010 · Learn about the praying mantis, a predatory insect with folded forelegs and a unique 3D vision. Find out how they hunt, mate, and camouflage themselves in different habitats and climates. See stunning images of various praying mantis species and their habitats. .

Popular Topics